Enhanced neuronal differentiation of rNSCs cultured on MnO2 hybrid nanoscaffold.

a, Schematic diagram explaining the enhanced neural differentiation on nanoscaffold for another neural stem cell line from a different source (rats) than human iPSC-NSCs. b, mRNA analysis of neuronal marker (TuJ1) and astrocyte marker (GFAP) of rNSCs cultured on nanoscaffold. Similar to iPSC-NSCs cultured on nanoscaffold, Tuj mRNAs were significantly upregulated by 2.5-fold. Astrocyte markers, on the other hand, was also upregulated by 1.7-fold for rNSCs cultured on nanoscaffold. c-f, Immunostaining of neuronal markers (Tuj, green) and nuclei (DAPI, blue) of rNSCs cultured on glass (c,e) and nanoscaffold (d, f). Consistent with iPSC-NSCs differentiated on nanoscaffold, a higher population of rNSCs was differentiated into neurons compared to glass substrate. All the substrates were coated with laminin with identical concentrations. The differentiation time is 6 days for all the studies.